μμ΄μμ ‘λ§νλ€’λ μν©μ λ°λΌ λ€μν λμ¬λ‘ ννλλ€. κ·Έμ€ κ°μ₯ λ§μ΄ ν·κ°λ¦¬λ λ¨μ΄κ° say, tell, speak, talkλ€.
λͺ¨λ ‘λ§νλ€’λΌλ μλ―Έλ₯Ό κ°κ³ μμ§λ§ λ¬Έμ₯μμμ ꡬ쑰λ λμμ€, μ¬μ© μν©μ΄ μλ‘ λ€λ₯΄λ€.
μ΄λ² κΈμμλ μ΄ λ€ κ°μ§ ννμ μ°¨μ΄, μ¬λ°λ₯Έ μ¬μ©λ², μλ¬Έμ μ€μ¬μΌλ‘ μ 리ν΄λ³΄κ² λ€.
1. Say – λ§νλ€ (무μμ λ§νλμ§μ μ΄μ )
‘Say’λ μ΄λ€ λ§μ νλμ§, ‘λ΄μ©’μ μ€μ μ λ λ μ¬μ©νλ ννμ.
λ€μ μ¬λμ μ§μ λͺ©μ μ΄λ‘ μ°μ§ μμ.
λ³΄ν΅ “say + λ΄μ©” λλ “say (something) to + μ¬λ” ννλ‘ μ¬μ©ν¨.
μλ¬Έ
- He said hello to me.
(κ·Έκ° λμκ² μλ μ΄λΌκ³ λ§νλ€.) - She said that she was tired.
(κ·Έλ λ νΌκ³€νλ€κ³ λ§νλ€.) - What did he say?
(κ·Έκ° λλΌκ³ λ§νμ΄?) - Don’t say anything.
(μ무 λ§λ νμ§ λ§.)
β ν΅μ¬: 무μμ λ§νλμ§ = say
β “He said me.” → νλ¦° λ¬Έμ₯
2. Tell – λ§νλ€ (λꡬμκ² λ§νλμ§μ μ΄μ )
‘Tell’μ ‘λꡬμκ² λ§νλμ§’, μ¦ μ²μ(λ£λ μ¬λ)μ μ΄μ μ λ νν
λ°λμ μ¬λ λͺ©μ μ΄κ° νμν¨ → tell + μ¬λ + λ΄μ© ꡬ쑰
μ§μλ μ 보λ₯Ό μ λ¬νλ λλμ΄ μμ
μλ¬Έ
- He told me the truth.
(κ·Έκ° λμκ² μ§μ€μ λ§νλ€.) - Can you tell me your name?
(μ΄λ¦ μ’ μλ €μ£Όμ€ μ μλμ?) - I told her to be careful.
(λλ κ·Έλ μκ² μ‘°μ¬νλΌκ³ λ§νλ€.) - Please tell me what happened.
(λ¬΄μ¨ μΌμ΄ μμλμ§ λ§ν΄μ€.)
β ν΅μ¬: λꡬμκ² λ§νλμ§ = tell
β “He told about the accident.” → νλ¦Ό (→ He told me about the accident.)
3. Speak – λ§νλ€ (격μ μλ νν)
‘Speak’λ λΉκ΅μ 격μ μλ μν©μμ μ°μ΄λ©°, νμͺ½μ΄ λ§νλ ‘νμ’ μ체μ μ΄μ μ λ
μ£Όλ‘ μΈμ΄ μ¬μ©, 곡μμ μΈ λ°ν, μμ¬μν΅ λ₯λ ₯ λ±μ μ΄μΌκΈ°ν λ μ¬μ©
λ³΄ν΅ speak + μΈμ΄, speak about/to + μ¬λ ννλ‘ μ¬μ©ν¨
μλ¬Έ
- She speaks three languages.
(κ·Έλ λ 3κ° κ΅μ΄λ₯Ό ꡬμ¬νλ€.) - May I speak to the manager?
(맀λμ μ ν΅νν μ μμκΉμ?) - He spoke about the company’s future.
(κ·Έλ νμ¬μ λ―Έλμ λν΄ μ΄μΌκΈ°νλ€.) - We need to speak privately.
(μ°λ¦¬λ λ°λ‘ μ΄μΌκΈ°ν νμκ° μμ΄.)
β ν΅μ¬: 격μ μλ ‘λ§νλ€’, μΈμ΄ λλ λ°ν
β μΌμ λνμμ λ무 μμ£Ό μ¬μ©νλ©΄ λ±λ±ν μΈμ μ€ μ μμ
4. Talk – λ§νλ€ (μμ λ‘κ³ μΌμμ μΈ λν)
‘Talk’λ ‘μ΄μΌκΈ°νλ€’, ‘λννλ€’λΌλ μλ―Έλ‘, μλ°©ν₯ μν΅μ μ΄μ μ΄ μμ
λΉκ΅μ μΊμ£ΌμΌν ννμ΄λ©°, μΉκ΅¬λ λλ£ κ°μ λνμμ μμ£Ό μ°μ
λ³΄ν΅ talk to/with + μ¬λ, talk about + μ£Όμ ννλ‘ μ¬μ©ν¨
μλ¬Έ
- Can we talk?
(μ°λ¦¬ μκΈ° μ’ ν μ μμκΉ?) - I talked with my friend for hours.
(λλ μΉκ΅¬λ λͺ μκ° λμ μ΄μΌκΈ°νμ΄.) - Let’s talk about your plans.
(λ€ κ³νμ λν΄ μ΄μΌκΈ°ν΄λ³΄μ.) - She always talks too much.
(κ·Έλ λ νμ λ§μ΄ λ무 λ§μ.)
β ν΅μ¬: νΈμν λν, μμ λ‘μ΄ μν΅ = talk
5. λ€ νν λΉκ΅ μ 리ν
νν | μλ―Έ μ€μ¬ | λ¬Έμ₯ ꡬ쑰 | μ¬μ© μ |
Say | λ§ν λ΄μ© | say + (λ΄μ©) / say to + μ¬λ | She said she’s busy. |
Tell | λ§ν μλ | tell + μ¬λ + (λ΄μ©) | He told me the news. |
Speak | 격μ μλ λ§νκΈ°, μΈμ΄ λ₯λ ₯ | speak + μΈμ΄ / to + μ¬λ | She speaks English well. |
Talk | μμ λ‘μ΄ λν, μν΅ | talk to/with + μ¬λ / about + μ£Όμ | Let’s talk about it. |
6. μ€μ λν μλ¬ΈμΌλ‘ μ λ¦¬ν΄ λ³΄κΈ°
β Say / Tell
- A: What did she say to you?
- B: She told me she’s moving to another city.
β Speak / Talk
- A: I need to speak with you about something important.
- B: Sure, let’s talk after lunch.
β νΌμ©μ΄ λΆκ°λ₯ν κ²½μ° μ£Όμ
- β He said me the truth.
→ β He told me the truth. - β Can you say me your name?
→ β Can you tell me your name?
7. λ§λ¬΄λ¦¬
β Say = 무μμ λ§νλμ§μ μ΄μ
β Tell = λꡬμκ² λ§νλμ§μ μ΄μ
β Speak = 격μ μλ μν©, μΈμ΄ ꡬμ¬
β Talk = μΌμμ μΈ λν, μμ λ‘μ΄ μν΅
μ΄ λ€ ννμ μ°¨μ΄λ₯Ό μ νν μκ³ μ¬μ©νλ©΄, μμ΄ ννμ΄ ν¨μ¬ μμ°μ€λ½κ³ λͺ
νν΄μ§.
μ΄μ “λ§νλ€”λΌκ³ μκ°λ λ, μν©μ λ§κ² say, tell, speak, talk μ€ μ΄λ€ κ±Έ μ¨μΌ ν μ§ κ³¨λΌλ³΄μ!